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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Volume</span></h1>
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<div>Volume</div>
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<div class="images">
</div><table><caption class="hidden" style="">Données clés</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Unit%C3%A9s_de_base_du_Syst%C3%A8me_international" title="Unités de base du Système international">Unités SI</a></th>
<td>
<a href="M%C3%A8tre_cube" title="Mètre cube">Mètre cube</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Dimension_(physique)" title="Dimension (physique)">Dimension</a></th>
<td>
L<sup>3</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Nature</th>
<td>
Grandeur <a href="Scalaire_(physique)" title="Scalaire (physique)">scalaire</a> <a href="Grandeur_extensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandeur extensive">extensive</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Symbole usuel</th>
<td>
<i>V</i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Variables_conjugu%C3%A9es_(thermodynamique)" title="Variables conjuguées (thermodynamique)">Conjuguée</a></th>
<td>
<a href="Pression" title="Pression">Pression</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div>
<p>Le <b>volume</b>, en <a href="Science" title="Science">sciences</a> <a href="Physique" title="Physique">physiques</a> ou <a href="Math%C3%A9matiques" title="Mathématiques">mathématiques</a>, est une grandeur qui mesure l'extension d'un objet ou d'une partie de l'<a href="Espace_(notion)" title="Espace (notion)">espace</a>.
</p><p>En <a href="Physique" title="Physique">physique</a>, le volume d'un objet ou d'une figure géométrique tridimensionnelle et fermée mesure l'extension dans l'<a href="Espace_(notion)#Physique" title="Espace (notion)">espace physique</a> qu'il ou elle possède dans les trois directions en même temps, de même que l'<a href="Aire_(g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie)#Superficie" title="Aire (géométrie)">aire</a> d'une figure dans le <a href="Plan_(math%C3%A9matiques)" title="Plan (mathématiques)">plan</a> mesure l'extension qu'elle possède dans les deux directions en même temps ; par extension, on étend la notion de volume à des espaces abstraits, dont les coordonnées peuvent avoir une ou des <a href="Dimension_(physique)" title="Dimension (physique)">dimensions</a> autres que celle d'une <a href="Longueur" title="Longueur">longueur</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p><p>En <a href="Math%C3%A9matiques" title="Mathématiques">mathématiques</a>, le volume d'une partie de l'<a href="Espace_(notion)#Mathématiques" title="Espace (notion)">espace géométrique</a> est sa mesure au sens de la théorie de la <a href="Mesure_de_Lebesgue" title="Mesure de Lebesgue">mesure de Lebesgue</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mesure">Mesure</h2></div>
<p>Le volume physique se mesure en <a href="M%C3%A8tre_cube" title="Mètre cube">mètre cube</a> dans le <a href="Syst%C3%A8me_international_d'unit%C3%A9s" title="Système international d'unités">Système international d'unités</a>. On utilise fréquemment le <a href="Litre" title="Litre">litre</a>, notamment pour des <a href="Liquide" title="Liquide">liquides</a> et pour des <a href="Mati%C3%A8re_s%C3%A8che" title="Matière sèche">matières sèches</a>. Ainsi, on considère le volume comme une <a href="Grandeur_extensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandeur extensive">grandeur extensive</a> et la <a href="Grandeur_intensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandeur intensive">grandeur intensive</a> <a href="Thermodynamique" title="Thermodynamique">thermodynamique</a> associée est la <a href="Pression" title="Pression">pression</a>.
</p><p>En mathématiques, et plus précisément en <a href="G%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie_euclidienne" title="Géométrie euclidienne">géométrie euclidienne</a>, le volume du <a href="Parall%C3%A9l%C3%A9pip%C3%A8de" title="Parallélépipède">parallélépipède</a> engendré par 3 <a href="Vecteur" title="Vecteur">vecteurs</a> non coplanaires <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\vec {v}}_{1},{\vec {v}}_{2},{\vec {v}}_{3})}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\vec {v}}_{1},{\vec {v}}_{2},{\vec {v}}_{3})}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7bc83356af91a36ab749f5cca95df6c1c905aa0b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.566ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\vec {v}}_{1},{\vec {v}}_{2},{\vec {v}}_{3})}" loading="lazy"></span> se calcule grâce au <a href="Produit_mixte" title="Produit mixte">produit mixte</a> des trois vecteurs : <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=|\det({\vec {v}}_{1},{\vec {v}}_{2},{\vec {v}}_{3})|}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=|\det({\vec {v}}_{1},{\vec {v}}_{2},{\vec {v}}_{3})|}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ea287779a62fd00eddad12f84587766bc54ba75c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.362ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=|\det({\vec {v}}_{1},{\vec {v}}_{2},{\vec {v}}_{3})|}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Les calculs de volume ont évolué au cours de l'histoire en suivant les progrès du <a href="Calcul_infinit%C3%A9simal" title="Calcul infinitésimal">calcul infinitésimal</a>. C'est ainsi que les premiers volumes ont été calculés grâce à la <a href="M%C3%A9thode_d'exhaustion" title="Méthode d'exhaustion">méthode d'exhaustion</a>, puis en utilisant le <a href="M%C3%A9thode_des_indivisibles" title="Méthode des indivisibles">principe de Cavalieri</a> et pour finir en calculant des <a href="Int%C3%A9grale_multiple" title="Intégrale multiple">intégrales triples</a>.
</p><p>Pour les <a href="Solide_g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trique" title="Solide géométrique">solides</a> simples (<a href="Parall%C3%A9l%C3%A9pip%C3%A8de" title="Parallélépipède">parallélépipède</a> et objets de révolution), il existe des formules mathématiques permettant de déterminer leur volume d'après leurs dimensions caractéristiques.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grandeur_physique">Grandeur physique</h2></div>
<p>Le volume est une grandeur additive : le volume d'un <a href="Syst%C3%A8me_physique" title="Système physique">système physique</a> est la somme des volumes de ses parties. Ce n'est en revanche pas une grandeur algébrique : physiquement, il n'existe pas de « volume négatif » (dont serait fait le sac de voyage de <a href="Mary_Poppins_(roman)" title="Mary Poppins (roman)">Mary Poppins</a>) dont la superposition avec un système physique de volume positif donnerait un système composé de volume globalement nul, ou du moins réduit : tous les volumes sont de même signe, et par convention, sont comptés positivement. C'est pour cette raison que dans la formule du <a href="Produit_mixte" title="Produit mixte">produit mixte</a>, le résultat est pris en <a href="Valeur_absolue" title="Valeur absolue">valeur absolue</a>.
</p><p>L'interprétation physique du <a href="Produit_mixte" title="Produit mixte">produit mixte</a> est qu'un volume physique est le <a href="Produit_scalaire" title="Produit scalaire">produit scalaire</a> d'une <a href="Surface_(physique)" title="Surface (physique)">surface</a> par un <a href="Vecteur_position" title="Vecteur position">déplacement</a> : <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=\det({\vec {v}}_{1},{\vec {v}}_{2},{\vec {v}}_{3})={\vec {v}}_{1}\cdot ({\vec {v}}_{2}\wedge {\vec {v}}_{3})={\vec {v}}_{1}\cdot {\vec {S}}_{23}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=\det({\vec {v}}_{1},{\vec {v}}_{2},{\vec {v}}_{3})={\vec {v}}_{1}\cdot ({\vec {v}}_{2}\wedge {\vec {v}}_{3})={\vec {v}}_{1}\cdot {\vec {S}}_{23}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/810eb84b37f10fd15f735e73214da8bb87f101b1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:44.961ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=\det({\vec {v}}_{1},{\vec {v}}_{2},{\vec {v}}_{3})={\vec {v}}_{1}\cdot ({\vec {v}}_{2}\wedge {\vec {v}}_{3})={\vec {v}}_{1}\cdot {\vec {S}}_{23}}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Le déplacement est un <a href="Vecteur" title="Vecteur">vecteur</a>, mais la surface orientée est un <a href="Pseudovecteur" title="Pseudovecteur">pseudovecteur</a>, si bien que le volume ainsi défini est théoriquement une grandeur qui change de signe lorsqu'on fait subir au système une isométrie indirecte (symétrie miroir par exemple). De fait, si par exemple le volume d'une sphère est <span class="texhtml"><span class="frac nowrap"><sup style="font-size: 70%; vertical-align: 0.4em;">4</sup>⁄<sub style="font-size: 70%; vertical-align: 0em;">3</sub></span>π <i>R</i><sup>3</sup></span>, une inversion polaire changera effectivement <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span> en <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">–R</span> et conduira logiquement à un volume négatif. Sur le plan de l'<a href="Analyse_dimensionnelle" title="Analyse dimensionnelle">équation aux dimensions</a>, et en tenant compte de la <a href="Grandeur_d'orientation" title="Grandeur d'orientation">grandeur d'orientation</a>, le déplacement est un vecteur de dimension <span class="nowrap"><a href="Longueur" title="Longueur">L</a>·<a href="Grandeur_d'orientation" title="Grandeur d'orientation">1</a><sub>x</sub></span> et la surface un pseudovecteur de dimension <span class="nowrap"><a href="Longueur" title="Longueur">L</a><sup> 2</sup>·<a href="Grandeur_d'orientation" title="Grandeur d'orientation">1</a><sub>y</sub></span>, le produit des deux est un <a href="Pseudoscalaire" title="Pseudoscalaire">pseudoscalaire</a> de dimension <span class="nowrap"><a href="Longueur" title="Longueur">L</a><sup> 3</sup>·<a href="Grandeur_d'orientation" title="Grandeur d'orientation">1</a><sub>z</sub></span>, c'est-à-dire qu'il a le même caractère qu'un flux.
</p><p>La physique reste effectivement inchangée si tous les volumes sont comptés négativement, mais en pratique les volumes physiques sont comptés positivement, ce qui revient à multiplier le volume au sens précédent par le <a href="Symbole_de_Levi-Civita" title="Symbole de Levi-Civita">symbole de Levi-Civita</a> (lui-même en <span class="nowrap"><a href="Grandeur_d'orientation" title="Grandeur d'orientation">1</a><sub>z</sub></span>). Le volume d'un corps physique est alors un scalaire vrai, à cause de la convention d'orientation. De même, alors qu'un <a href="%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_de_surface" class="mw-redirect" title="Élément de surface">élément de surface</a> est normalement un pseudovecteur en <span class="nowrap"><a href="Grandeur_d'orientation" title="Grandeur d'orientation">1</a><sub>y</sub></span>, la convention d'orientation qui veut que son orientation sur une surface fermée soit dirigée vers l'extérieur revient à le multiplier par la convention d'orientation en <span class="nowrap"><a href="Grandeur_d'orientation" title="Grandeur d'orientation">1</a><sub>z</sub></span>, ce qui en fait alors un vecteur vrai en <span class="nowrap"><a href="Grandeur_d'orientation" title="Grandeur d'orientation">1</a><sub>x</sub></span>. L'utilisation de cette convention d'orientation peut être problématique dans l'<a href="Analyse_dimensionnelle" title="Analyse dimensionnelle">analyse dimensionnelle</a>, parce qu'elle correspond à une grandeur par ailleurs généralement invisible dans les données du problème.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Volume_élémentaire"><span id="Volume_.C3.A9l.C3.A9mentaire"></span>Volume élémentaire</h2></div>
<p>Un domaine de dimension 3 peut généralement être décrit par trois paramètres indépendants <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">u</span>, <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">v</span> et <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">w</span>. Pour tout point <span class="texhtml">M(<i>u</i>,<i>v</i>,<i>w</i>)</span> appartenant à ce domaine, le <a href="Vecteur_position" title="Vecteur position">vecteur position</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fdcb3573813781dfa97db69b6185882a14667c0f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-top: -0.398ex; width:4.069ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}" loading="lazy"></span> (où <span class="texhtml">O</span> désigne une origine fixe quelconque) a pour <a href="Diff%C3%A9rentielle" title="Différentielle">différentielle</a> :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d\,{\overrightarrow {OM}}} =\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial u}}\right)\mathrm {d} u+\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial v}}\right)\mathrm {d} v+\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial w}}\right)\mathrm {d} w}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>u</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>v</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>w</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>w</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d\,{\overrightarrow {OM}}} =\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial u}}\right)\mathrm {d} u+\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial v}}\right)\mathrm {d} v+\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial w}}\right)\mathrm {d} w}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/15d39a9a3f9484b701143352c527ec83b592a6c7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.838ex; margin-top: -0.493ex; width:55.72ex; height:9.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d\,{\overrightarrow {OM}}} =\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial u}}\right)\mathrm {d} u+\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial v}}\right)\mathrm {d} v+\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial w}}\right)\mathrm {d} w}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Une variation élémentaire <span class="texhtml">d<i>u</i>, d<i>v</i>, d<i>w</i>)</span> des trois paramètres forme l'<b>élément de volume</b> (ou <b>volume élémentaire</b>) <span class="texhtml">d<sup>3</sup><i>V</i></span> (ou simplement <span class="texhtml">d<i>V</i></span> si l'on n'a pas besoin de rappeler que trois variables varient indépendamment), défini par :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}V=\det \!\left[\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial u}}\right),\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial v}}\right),\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial w}}\right)\right]\,\mathrm {d} u\,\mathrm {d} v\,\mathrm {d} w}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">det</mo>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>u</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>v</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>w</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>u</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>v</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>w</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}V=\det \!\left[\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial u}}\right),\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial v}}\right),\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial w}}\right)\right]\,\mathrm {d} u\,\mathrm {d} v\,\mathrm {d} w}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bb9beb88885a6a23d6ec7c390ee431b7b7c62207.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.838ex; margin-top: -0.493ex; width:57.984ex; height:9.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}V=\det \!\left[\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial u}}\right),\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial v}}\right),\left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial w}}\right)\right]\,\mathrm {d} u\,\mathrm {d} v\,\mathrm {d} w}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Le module d'un vecteur position s'exprimant en <a href="M%C3%A8tre" title="Mètre">mètres</a> (m), un élément de volume s'exprime en <a href="M%C3%A8tre_cube" title="Mètre cube">mètres cubes</a> (m<sup>3</sup>). Le signe de <span class="texhtml">d<sup>3</sup><i>V</i></span> est positif si les vecteurs <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}/\partial u)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}/\partial u)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4118e64bad90c6017e30c17af07a58e5b7820c9c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.398ex; width:11.394ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}/\partial u)}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}/\partial v)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}/\partial v)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/39d5906208b3166dae36c12f510954ffb798336d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.398ex; width:11.192ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}/\partial v)}" loading="lazy"></span> et <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}/\partial w)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}/\partial w)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a3268f5df48b856e3226a16b3bab25739a5da5eb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.398ex; width:11.728ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}/\partial w)}" loading="lazy"></span>, pris dans cet ordre, forment un <a href="Tri%C3%A8dre" title="Trièdre">trièdre</a> direct, et négatif s'ils forment un trièdre inverse.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coordonnées_cartésiennes"><span id="Coordonn.C3.A9es_cart.C3.A9siennes"></span>Coordonnées cartésiennes</h3></div>
<p>En <a href="Coordonn%C3%A9es_cart%C3%A9siennes" title="Coordonnées cartésiennes">coordonnées cartésiennes</a> <a href="Base_orthonorm%C3%A9e" title="Base orthonormée">orthonormées</a>, le point courant <span class="texhtml">M</span> est repéré par <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span>, <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span> et <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">z</span>, de telle sorte que :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}=x\,{\hat {x}}+y\,{\hat {y}}+z\,{\hat {z}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}=x\,{\hat {x}}+y\,{\hat {y}}+z\,{\hat {z}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/80903a4cc8a02732abf82926b9c12b20aaf4ecbc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.398ex; width:21.511ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}=x\,{\hat {x}}+y\,{\hat {y}}+z\,{\hat {z}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>où <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {x}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {x}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/18d95a7845e4e16ffb7e18ab37a208d0ab18e0e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {x}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {y}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {y}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3dc8de3d8ea01304329ef9518fad7a6d196c4c01.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.302ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {y}}}" loading="lazy"></span> et <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {z}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {z}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/722665b45e05afe79f4395a3de0237d8ce856273.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.296ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {z}}}" loading="lazy"></span> sont les <a href="Vecteur_unitaire" title="Vecteur unitaire">vecteurs unitaires</a>, fixes, de trois axes orthogonaux (et, pris dans cet ordre, forment un trièdre direct). On a alors :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial x}}\right)={\hat {x}},\ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial y}}\right)={\hat {y}}\ {\textrm {et}}\ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial z}}\right)={\hat {z}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>et</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial x}}\right)={\hat {x}},\ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial y}}\right)={\hat {y}}\ {\textrm {et}}\ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial z}}\right)={\hat {z}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/25027f100a316959e48d092e04e2ee50934c5ca0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.838ex; margin-top: -0.493ex; width:50.743ex; height:9.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial x}}\right)={\hat {x}},\ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial y}}\right)={\hat {y}}\ {\textrm {et}}\ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial z}}\right)={\hat {z}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>On en déduit aisément que :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}V=\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>y</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}V=\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/04dbd5ee2534cc8e0f34c83c4e1d4a433f2973e9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.458ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}V=\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} z}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coordonnées_cylindriques"><span id="Coordonn.C3.A9es_cylindriques"></span>Coordonnées cylindriques</h3></div>
<p>En <a href="Coordonn%C3%A9es_cylindriques" title="Coordonnées cylindriques">coordonnées cylindriques</a>, le point courant <span class="texhtml">M</span> est repéré par <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">r</span>, <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">φ</span> et <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">z</span>, de telle sorte que :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}=r\,{\hat {r}}(\varphi )+z\,{\hat {z}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}=r\,{\hat {r}}(\varphi )+z\,{\hat {z}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dabe64144894e08f444b64e0cd78b28e25fba0d2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.398ex; width:18.836ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}=r\,{\hat {r}}(\varphi )+z\,{\hat {z}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>où <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {z}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {z}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/722665b45e05afe79f4395a3de0237d8ce856273.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.296ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {z}}}" loading="lazy"></span> est le vecteur unitaire de l'axe <span class="texhtml">O<i>z</i></span> d'un repère orthonormé, tandis que <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {r}}(\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {r}}(\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/488e44c3440bf5c00ff49a6b809f05cbacf00a22.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.621ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {r}}(\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span>, vecteur unitaire, a pour coordonnées cartésiennes <span class="texhtml">cos(<i>φ</i>)</span>, <span class="texhtml">sin(<i>φ</i>)</span> et <span class="texhtml">0</span>. On a alors :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial r}}\right)={\hat {r}}(\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial r}}\right)={\hat {r}}(\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3d34cf3500d36ec4ad2c80a2f119f9083a7b661f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.838ex; margin-top: -0.493ex; width:18.397ex; height:9.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial r}}\right)={\hat {r}}(\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial \varphi }}\right)=r\,{\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )\ }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mtext> </mtext>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext> </mtext>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial \varphi }}\right)=r\,{\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )\ }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a5bda9122ebc67dbf95c68ed79af7b2fac5c58bd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.838ex; margin-top: -0.493ex; width:21.624ex; height:9.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial \varphi }}\right)=r\,{\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )\ }" loading="lazy"></span> et <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial z}}\right)={\hat {z}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mtext> </mtext>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial z}}\right)={\hat {z}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/95517ec58079bd49007223223899e0dd09c02928.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.838ex; margin-top: -0.493ex; width:16.04ex; height:9.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial z}}\right)={\hat {z}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>où <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1c6dbb3dd7c15d4ef19eb4bcceb443b016b4d1e8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.864ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span> est le vecteur unitaire de coordonnées cartésiennes <span class="texhtml">–sin(<i>φ</i>)</span>, <span class="texhtml">cos(<i>φ</i>)</span> et <span class="texhtml">0</span>. Les vecteurs <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {r}}(\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {r}}(\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/488e44c3440bf5c00ff49a6b809f05cbacf00a22.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.621ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {r}}(\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1c6dbb3dd7c15d4ef19eb4bcceb443b016b4d1e8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.864ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span> et <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {z}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {z}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/722665b45e05afe79f4395a3de0237d8ce856273.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.296ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {z}}}" loading="lazy"></span> sont unitaires et orthogonaux deux à deux (et, pris dans cet ordre, forment un trièdre direct). On en déduit aisément que :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}V=r\,\mathrm {d} r\,\mathrm {d} \varphi \,\mathrm {d} z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>r</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}V=r\,\mathrm {d} r\,\mathrm {d} \varphi \,\mathrm {d} z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/79fd8a412a2919263354362414f75304c4b01673.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.977ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}V=r\,\mathrm {d} r\,\mathrm {d} \varphi \,\mathrm {d} z}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coordonnées_sphériques"><span id="Coordonn.C3.A9es_sph.C3.A9riques"></span>Coordonnées sphériques</h3></div>
<p>En <a href="Coordonn%C3%A9es_sph%C3%A9riques" title="Coordonnées sphériques">coordonnées sphériques</a>, le point courant <span class="texhtml">M</span> est repéré par <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">ρ</span>, <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">θ</span> et <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">φ</span>, de telle sorte que :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}=\rho \,{\hat {\rho }}(\theta ,\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}=\rho \,{\hat {\rho }}(\theta ,\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e2b68763a2b9e2b352f2e1618649b7dc5f71adb3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.398ex; width:15.586ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}=\rho \,{\hat {\rho }}(\theta ,\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>où <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {\rho }}(\theta ,\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {\rho }}(\theta ,\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/037d9180c2d59bfc7cfdbd71d925c90d3b9bcec5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.829ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {\rho }}(\theta ,\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span>, vecteur unitaire, a pour coordonnées cartésiennes <span class="texhtml">sin(<i>θ</i>)cos(<i>φ</i>)</span>, <span class="texhtml">sin(<i>θ</i>)sin(<i>φ</i>)</span> et <span class="texhtml">cos(<i>θ</i>)</span>. On a alors :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial \rho }}\right)={\hat {\rho }}(\theta ,\varphi ),\ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial \theta }}\right)=\rho \,{\hat {\theta }}(\theta ,\varphi )\ {\textrm {et}}\ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial \varphi }}\right)=\rho \sin(\theta )\,{\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>et</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial \rho }}\right)={\hat {\rho }}(\theta ,\varphi ),\ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial \theta }}\right)=\rho \,{\hat {\theta }}(\theta ,\varphi )\ {\textrm {et}}\ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial \varphi }}\right)=\rho \sin(\theta )\,{\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2604685137c4b32b257f5f46f6a65c9779af22a3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.838ex; margin-top: -0.493ex; width:74.638ex; height:9.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial \rho }}\right)={\hat {\rho }}(\theta ,\varphi ),\ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial \theta }}\right)=\rho \,{\hat {\theta }}(\theta ,\varphi )\ {\textrm {et}}\ \left({\frac {\partial \,{\overrightarrow {\mathrm {OM} }}}{\partial \varphi }}\right)=\rho \sin(\theta )\,{\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>où <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {\theta }}(\theta ,\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {\theta }}(\theta ,\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ba7496ce28619f4b3e82b341d5566b3d50810e8f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.81ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {\theta }}(\theta ,\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span> est le vecteur unitaire de coordonnées cartésiennes <span class="texhtml">cos(<i>θ</i>)cos(<i>φ</i>)</span>, <span class="texhtml">cos(<i>θ</i>)sin(<i>φ</i>)</span> et <span class="texhtml">–sin(<i>θ</i>)</span>, et <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1c6dbb3dd7c15d4ef19eb4bcceb443b016b4d1e8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.864ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span> celui de coordonnées <span class="texhtml">–sin(<i>φ</i>)</span>, <span class="texhtml">cos(<i>φ</i>)</span> et <span class="texhtml">0</span>. Les vecteurs <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {\rho }}(\theta ,\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {\rho }}(\theta ,\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/037d9180c2d59bfc7cfdbd71d925c90d3b9bcec5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.829ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {\rho }}(\theta ,\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {\theta }}(\theta ,\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {\theta }}(\theta ,\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ba7496ce28619f4b3e82b341d5566b3d50810e8f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.81ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {\theta }}(\theta ,\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span> et <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1c6dbb3dd7c15d4ef19eb4bcceb443b016b4d1e8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.864ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {\varphi }}(\varphi )}" loading="lazy"></span> sont unitaires et orthogonaux deux à deux (et, pris dans cet ordre, forment un trièdre direct). On en déduit aisément que :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}V=\rho ^{2}\sin(\theta )\,\mathrm {d} \rho \,\mathrm {d} \theta \,\mathrm {d} \varphi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}V=\rho ^{2}\sin(\theta )\,\mathrm {d} \rho \,\mathrm {d} \theta \,\mathrm {d} \varphi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ca4b5847cee4e8c0ff4c96834bd085d913284cce.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:24.482ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}V=\rho ^{2}\sin(\theta )\,\mathrm {d} \rho \,\mathrm {d} \theta \,\mathrm {d} \varphi }" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unités_de_volume"><span id="Unit.C3.A9s_de_volume"></span>Unités de volume</h2></div>
<p>L'<a href="Unit%C3%A9_de_volume" title="Unité de volume">unité de volume</a> du Système international est le mètre cube (m<sup>3</sup>) et ses dérivés (dm<sup>3</sup>, cm<sup>3</sup>, mm<sup>3</sup>). Mais d'autres unités de volume persistent surtout dans les pays anglo-saxons (voir <a href="Conversion_des_unit%C3%A9s#Volume_-_capacité" title="Conversion des unités">Conversion des unités</a>).
</p><p>Les volumes de matière liquide ont souvent leurs unités propres (<a href="Litre" title="Litre">litre</a>, <a href="Pinte" title="Pinte">pinte</a>, <a href="Baril" title="Baril">baril</a>). La mise en place du <a href="Syst%C3%A8me_m%C3%A9trique" title="Système métrique">système métrique</a> a grandement simplifié le nombre d'unités de volume utilisées qui dans l'Ancien Régime en comptait plus de vingt (voir <a href="Anciennes_unit%C3%A9s_de_mesure_fran%C3%A7aises#Unités_de_volume_et_de_capacité" title="Anciennes unités de mesure françaises">Unités de mesure de l'Ancien Régime</a>).
</p><p>Pour les gaz où l'on veut connaître la <a href="Quantit%C3%A9_de_mati%C3%A8re" title="Quantité de matière">quantité de matière</a> (nombre de molécules) contenue dans un volume donné quelles que soient la pression et la température, <a href="Normo_m%C3%A8tre_cube" title="Normo mètre cube">deux définitions de correction</a> existent :
</p>
<ul><li>le mètre cube dit normal exprimé en m<sup>3</sup>(n) correspondant à un volume de gaz ramené sous une pression de <span title="1,013 25 bar ou 1 atm" style="cursor:help">1 013,25</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="hectopascal">hPa</abbr> (pression d'une atmosphère normale ou 1 <a href="Atmosph%C3%A8re_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Atmosphère (unité)">atm</a>) et une température de <span title="32 °F ou 273,2 K" style="cursor:help">0</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> ;</li>
<li>le mètre cube dit standard exprimé en m<sup>3</sup>(s) correspondant à un volume de gaz ramené sous une pression de <span title="1,013 25 bar ou 1 atm" style="cursor:help">1 013,25</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="hectopascal">hPa</abbr> (pression d'une atmosphère normale ou 1 <a href="Atmosph%C3%A8re_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Atmosphère (unité)">atm</a>) et une température de <span title="59 °F ou 288,2 K" style="cursor:help">15</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>.</li></ul>
<p>Les volumes décrits ci-dessus correspondent à des volumes dits corrigés. Le volume qui ne tient pas compte de ces corrections est dit brut. On rencontre ces volumes dans l'élaboration des <a href="D%C3%A9bit_(physique)" title="Débit (physique)">débits</a> et du <a href="Pouvoir_calorifique" title="Pouvoir calorifique">pouvoir calorifique</a> des gaz.
</p><p>Dans l'<a href="Union_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Union européenne">Union européenne</a>, de nombreux volumes (et masses), sur les produits de consommation, sont indiqués en <a href="Quantit%C3%A9_estim%C3%A9e" title="Quantité estimée">quantité estimée</a>. Ils sont marqués comme tel, du <a href="Glyphe" title="Glyphe">glyphe</a> spécifique d'un <a href="Quantit%C3%A9_estim%C3%A9e" title="Quantité estimée">« ℮ »</a> minuscule.
</p><p>En mathématiques, l'unité de volume n'apparaît pas dans les formules. Elle est implicitement donnée par le volume du <i>cube unité</i>. Si, par exemple, pour des questions d'échelle, le <i>cube unité</i> a pour arête 2 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre">cm</abbr>, un volume de <i>X</i> <i>cubes unité</i> correspond à 8 <i>X</i> <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre cube">cm<sup>3</sup></abbr>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quelques_formules">Quelques formules</h2></div>
<p>Dans la suite on notera :
</p>
<ul><li><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">V</span> le volume d'une figure ;</li>
<li><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">a</span> l'arête ;</li>
<li><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">B</span> et <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">b</span> les aires de la grande base et de la petite base ;</li>
<li><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">H</span> la hauteur (ou distance séparant les deux faces) ;</li>
<li><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">D</span> ou <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">d</span> le diamètre ;</li>
<li><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span> ou <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">r</span> le rayon ;</li>
<li><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">L</span> ou <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">l</span> la longueur et la largeur d'un rectangle.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solides_de_Platon">Solides de Platon</h3></div>
<p>Ce sont les cinq seuls polyèdres réguliers convexes. Leurs volumes respectifs sont donnés par les formules suivantes :
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Polyèdre
</th>
<th>Volume
</th>
<th>Figure
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="T%C3%A9tra%C3%A8dre_r%C3%A9gulier" title="Tétraèdre régulier">Tétraèdre régulier</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\sqrt {2}}{12}}\,a^{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\sqrt {2}}{12}}\,a^{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4b74171ec00ce5c8e1f86c3a46b84797b0e6aea.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:6.606ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\sqrt {2}}{12}}\,a^{3}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="Cube" title="Cube">Cube</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a^{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a^{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/abd83c98f7301a720f69dd6d4043461e4cc83daa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.284ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a^{3}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="Octa%C3%A8dre_r%C3%A9gulier" title="Octaèdre régulier">Octaèdre régulier</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\sqrt {2}}{3}}\,a^{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\sqrt {2}}{3}}\,a^{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9f51ead30fa39d8a4e5397d729d361e60d269364.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:6.606ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\sqrt {2}}{3}}\,a^{3}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="Dod%C3%A9ca%C3%A8dre_r%C3%A9gulier" title="Dodécaèdre régulier">Dodécaèdre régulier</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {15+7{\sqrt {5}}}{4}}\,a^{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>15</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>7</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>5</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {15+7{\sqrt {5}}}{4}}\,a^{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6abca3760e3cdc51f9034f2a3acdbe6138f857bd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:12.933ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {15+7{\sqrt {5}}}{4}}\,a^{3}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="Icosa%C3%A8dre" title="Icosaèdre">Icosaèdre</a> régulier
</td>
<td align="center"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {5\varphi ^{2}}{6}}\,a^{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>5</mn>
<msup>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {5\varphi ^{2}}{6}}\,a^{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/88e02e0f968f9f9ec1da529e6948613eb2578f10.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.244ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {5\varphi ^{2}}{6}}\,a^{3}}" loading="lazy"></span><br>où <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/33ee699558d09cf9d653f6351f9fda0b2f4aaa3e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.52ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi }" loading="lazy"></span> est le <a href="Nombre_d'or" title="Nombre d'or">nombre d'or</a>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prismes_et_cylindres">Prismes et cylindres</h3></div>
<p>La formule générale est toujours : <span class="texhtml"><i>V</i> = <i>B</i> × <i>H</i></span> (volume = aire de la base × hauteur), que le <a href="Prisme_(solide)" title="Prisme (solide)">prisme</a> ou le <a href="Cylindre_(solide)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylindre (solide)">cylindre</a> soit droit ou pas.
</p><p>En particulier,
</p>
<ul><li>pour le <a href="Parall%C3%A9l%C3%A9pip%C3%A8de_rectangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallélépipède rectangle">parallélépipède rectangle</a> ou pavé : <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=L\times \ell \times H}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>ℓ<!-- ℓ --></mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>H</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=L\times \ell \times H}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bcd731f7b22b1227f865e8e734b18f78bcd5e52e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:15.183ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=L\times \ell \times H}" loading="lazy"></span>,</li>
<li>pour le <a href="Cylindre_de_r%C3%A9volution" title="Cylindre de révolution">cylindre de révolution</a> : <span class="texhtml"><i>V</i> = π<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> × <i>H</i></span>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pyramides_et_cônes"><span id="Pyramides_et_c.C3.B4nes"></span>Pyramides et cônes</h3></div>
<p>La formule générale est toujours : <span class="texhtml"><i>V</i> = <span class="texhtml"><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em;">1</span><span style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">3</span></span></span><i>B</i> × <i>H</i></span>.
</p>
<ul><li>Le <a href="C%C3%B4ne_(g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie)" title="Cône (géométrie)">cône de révolution</a> : <span class="texhtml"><i>V</i> = <span class="texhtml"><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em;">π</span><span style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">3</span></span></span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup> × <i>H</i></span>.</li>
<li>La pyramide tronquée par un plan parallèle à la base : <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V={\frac {H}{3}}\left(B+b+{\sqrt {Bb}}\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>H</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>b</mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V={\frac {H}{3}}\left(B+b+{\sqrt {Bb}}\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ab1e456b3626d22cb1eba3ec753cc7149310248a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:23.442ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V={\frac {H}{3}}\left(B+b+{\sqrt {Bb}}\right)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boule">Boule</h3></div>
<ul><li>La <a href="Volume_d'une_boule" title="Volume d'une boule">boule a pour volume</a> <span class="texhtml"><i>V</i> = <span class="texhtml"><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em;">4</span><span style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">3</span></span></span>π<i>R</i><sup>3</sup></span> ou <span class="texhtml"><i>V</i> = π<span class="texhtml"><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em;"><i>D</i><sup>3</sup></span><span style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; margin:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">6</span></span></span></span>.</li>
<li>Pour une <a href="Calotte_sph%C3%A9rique" title="Calotte sphérique">calotte sphérique</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V={\frac {\pi }{3}}H^{2}(3R-H)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V={\frac {\pi }{3}}H^{2}(3R-H)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c297689c417bb6e87aabf15afa1b81f689fed04b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:19.851ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V={\frac {\pi }{3}}H^{2}(3R-H)}" loading="lazy"></span> ou <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V={\frac {\pi }{2}}H\left({\frac {H^{2}}{3}}+r^{2}\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V={\frac {\pi }{2}}H\left({\frac {H^{2}}{3}}+r^{2}\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fed8476b1fc17606a45627ac0affa6f8bdd250f5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:21.863ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V={\frac {\pi }{2}}H\left({\frac {H^{2}}{3}}+r^{2}\right)}" loading="lazy"></span> où <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span> est le rayon de la boule, <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">r</span> est le rayon de la calotte et <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">H</span> la hauteur de la calotte.</li>
<li>Le volume de la boule percée d'un cylindre (rond de serviette) ne dépend pas du rayon de la boule mais seulement de la hauteur <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">H</span> du cylindre : <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V={\frac {\pi }{6}}H^{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V={\frac {\pi }{6}}H^{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/319a44ab08fbeb6f87594c5f0906148b6a9b6311.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.212ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V={\frac {\pi }{6}}H^{3}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</li>
<li>Le secteur sphérique (intersection entre un cône de sommet O et la boule de centre O : <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V={\frac {2}{3}}\pi R^{2}H}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>H</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V={\frac {2}{3}}\pi R^{2}H}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87a9ae1dabbba36bb26a9861392b015e627e5670.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.098ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V={\frac {2}{3}}\pi R^{2}H}" loading="lazy"></span> où <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">H</span> est la hauteur de la calotte et <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span> le rayon de la boule.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solides_de_révolution"><span id="Solides_de_r.C3.A9volution"></span>Solides de révolution</h3></div>
<p>Le <a href="Th%C3%A9or%C3%A8mes_de_Guldin" title="Théorèmes de Guldin">théorème de Guldin</a> (ou règle de Pappus) permet de calculer le volume d'un <a href="Solide_de_r%C3%A9volution" title="Solide de révolution">solide de révolution</a> engendré par la révolution d'un <a href="%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_de_surface" class="mw-redirect" title="Élément de surface">élément de surface</a> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">S</span> plane autour d'un axe situé dans son plan et ne le coupant pas, pour peu que l'on connaisse le <a href="Centre_de_gravit%C3%A9" title="Centre de gravité">centre de gravité</a> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">G</span> de l'<a href="%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_de_surface" class="mw-redirect" title="Élément de surface">élément de surface</a> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">S</span>.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=2\pi RS}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=2\pi RS}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e7a2cd5f70d7d83850159f6f12ad6b0e2c1abe53.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:10.643ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=2\pi RS}" loading="lazy"></span> où <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span> est la distance séparant le point <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">G</span> de l'axe de rotation.</dd></dl>
<p>Cette formule permet de déterminer les volumes suivants :
</p>
<ul><li>le <a href="Tore" title="Tore">tore</a> : <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=2\pi ^{2}Rr^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<msup>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>R</mi>
<msup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=2\pi ^{2}Rr^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e678902b5e6724d0456e70f995eb247acb407767.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:12.303ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=2\pi ^{2}Rr^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> où <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">r</span> est le rayon du cercle de centre <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">G</span> tournant autour de l'axe <span class="texhtml">(Δ)</span> et où <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span> est la distance de <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">G</span> à <span class="texhtml">(Δ)</span>.</li>
<li>le tonneau : <a href="Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Kepler</a> donne une formule approchée pour le <a href="Tonneau_(formules)" title="Tonneau (formules)">volume d'un tonneau</a>, qui se révèle exacte lorsque le tonneau est engendré par une sphère, une pyramide, un <a href="Hyperbolo%C3%AFde" title="Hyperboloïde">hyperboloïde</a> à une nappe, un <a href="Parabolo%C3%AFde" title="Paraboloïde">paraboloïde</a> elliptique, un <a href="Ellipso%C3%AFde" title="Ellipsoïde">ellipsoïde</a> de révolution. Si <span class="texhtml"><i>B</i><sub>1</sub></span> et <span class="texhtml"><i>B</i><sub>2</sub></span> sont les surfaces des bases et <span class="texhtml"><i>B</i><sub>3</sub></span> la surface de la section à mi-hauteur alors</li></ul>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V={\frac {h}{6}}(B_{1}+B_{2}+4B_{3})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V={\frac {h}{6}}(B_{1}+B_{2}+4B_{3})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/badfc35012bcdbc2269328c853320b410cb86a01.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:24.168ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V={\frac {h}{6}}(B_{1}+B_{2}+4B_{3})}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autres">Autres</h3></div>
<ul><li>Le <a href="Cono%C3%AFde" title="Conoïde">conoïde</a> circulaire droit (exemple l'incisive) : <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V={\frac {1}{2}}\pi R^{2}H}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>H</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V={\frac {1}{2}}\pi R^{2}H}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/957825bf6bbf2a2326b803442adf1e1a9d3600a2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.098ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V={\frac {1}{2}}\pi R^{2}H}" loading="lazy"></span> où <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span> est le rayon du cercle de base et <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">H</span> la hauteur du conoïde.</li>
<li>Le <i>lingot</i> (<a href="Hexa%C3%A8dre" title="Hexaèdre">hexaèdre</a> formé de deux bases rectangulaires parallèles et de 4 faces latérales trapézoïdales). On retrouve la formule de Kepler : <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V={\frac {h}{6}}(B_{1}+B_{2}+4B_{3})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V={\frac {h}{6}}(B_{1}+B_{2}+4B_{3})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/badfc35012bcdbc2269328c853320b410cb86a01.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:24.168ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V={\frac {h}{6}}(B_{1}+B_{2}+4B_{3})}" loading="lazy"></span> où <span class="texhtml"><i>B</i><sub>1</sub></span> et <span class="texhtml"><i>B</i><sub>2</sub></span> sont les surfaces des deux bases rectangulaires et <span class="texhtml"><i>B</i><sub>3</sub></span> la surface de la section à mi-hauteur. Cette formule est très employée en <a href="G%C3%A9nie_civil" title="Génie civil">génie civil</a> dans les calculs de volume de terrassement et plus particulièrement pour les mouvements de terres dans le domaine des <a href="Travaux_publics" title="Travaux publics">travaux publics</a>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calcul_intégral"><span id="Calcul_int.C3.A9gral"></span>Calcul intégral</h2></div>
<p>Si <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">D</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3277962e1959c3241fb1b70c7f0ac6dcefebd966.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.792ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}}" loading="lazy"></span> est une partie bornée de <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e150115ab9f63023215109595b76686a1ff890fd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.732ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>, le volume du <a href="Cylindre" title="Cylindre">cylindre</a> ayant pour génératrice la frontière de <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">D</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3277962e1959c3241fb1b70c7f0ac6dcefebd966.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.792ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, délimité par le plan <span class="texhtml"><i>z</i> = 0</span> et la surface d'équation <span class="texhtml"><i>z</i> = 'f<i>(</i>x<i>,</i>y<i>)</i></span><i> – avec <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">f</span> positive et continue sur <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">D</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3277962e1959c3241fb1b70c7f0ac6dcefebd966.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.792ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}}" loading="lazy"></span> – est :</i>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=\iint _{\mathcal {D}}f(x,y)\,\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mo>∬<!-- ∬ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">D</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=\iint _{\mathcal {D}}f(x,y)\,\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c35dec4a1848f873ee903f79f73c355b9b0a2c7f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:21.742ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=\iint _{\mathcal {D}}f(x,y)\,\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Dans le cas où le domaine <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">D</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3277962e1959c3241fb1b70c7f0ac6dcefebd966.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.792ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}}" loading="lazy"></span> est défini par des conditions simples <span class="texhtml"><i>x</i><sub>1</sub> < <i>x</i> < <i>x</i><sub>2</sub></span>, <span class="texhtml"><i>y</i><sub>1</sub>(<i>x</i>) < <i>y</i>(<i>x</i>) < <i>y</i><sub>2</sub>(<i>x</i>)</span>, ce calcul se ramène à :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=\int _{x_{1}}^{x_{2}}\!\int _{y_{1}(x)}^{y_{2}(x)}f(x,y)\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>y</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=\int _{x_{1}}^{x_{2}}\!\int _{y_{1}(x)}^{y_{2}(x)}f(x,y)\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/787b391911c770088a60a6f45092333512237c27.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:28.746ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=\int _{x_{1}}^{x_{2}}\!\int _{y_{1}(x)}^{y_{2}(x)}f(x,y)\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} x}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Si <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/280ae03440942ab348c2ca9b8db6b56ffa9618f8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.903ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span> est une partie bornée de <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f936ddf584f8f3dd2a0ed08917001b7a404c10b5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.732ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}}" loading="lazy"></span> et si la <a href="Fonction_constante" title="Fonction constante">fonction constante</a> 1 est intégrable sur <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/280ae03440942ab348c2ca9b8db6b56ffa9618f8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.903ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, le volume de <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/280ae03440942ab348c2ca9b8db6b56ffa9618f8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.903ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span> est alors :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=\iiint _{\mathcal {A}}\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mo>∭<!-- ∭ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>y</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=\iiint _{\mathcal {A}}\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b3ec74526d5ca911cf6f224af522734e4b04cc07.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:18.775ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=\iiint _{\mathcal {A}}\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} z}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dans le cas où le domaine <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/280ae03440942ab348c2ca9b8db6b56ffa9618f8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.903ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span> est défini par des conditions simples <span class="texhtml"><i>x</i><sub>1</sub>(<i>z</i>,<i>y</i>) < <i>x</i> (<i>z</i>,<i>y</i>)< <i>x</i><sub>2</sub>(<i>z</i>,<i>y</i>)</span>, <span class="texhtml"><i>y</i><sub>1</sub>(<i>z</i>) < <i>y</i>(<i>z</i>) < <i>y</i><sub>2</sub>(<i>z</i>)</span> et <span class="texhtml"><i>z</i><sub>1</sub> < <i>z</i> < <i>z</i><sub>2</sub></span>, ce calcul se ramène à :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=\int _{z_{1}}^{z_{2}}\!\int _{y_{1}(z)}^{y_{2}(z)}\!\int _{x_{1}(z,y)}^{x_{2}(z,y)}\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>z</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>z</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>y</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=\int _{z_{1}}^{z_{2}}\!\int _{y_{1}(z)}^{y_{2}(z)}\!\int _{x_{1}(z,y)}^{x_{2}(z,y)}\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bc340f11e458ade092393d5dacd61d2b417085b9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:31.964ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=\int _{z_{1}}^{z_{2}}\!\int _{y_{1}(z)}^{y_{2}(z)}\!\int _{x_{1}(z,y)}^{x_{2}(z,y)}\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} z}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Par linéarité de l'intégration, un domaine difficile à définir peut être partitionné en plusieurs sous-domaines exprimables eux en conditions simples.
</p><p>Si le domaine <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/280ae03440942ab348c2ca9b8db6b56ffa9618f8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.903ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span> s'exprime mieux en <a href="Coordonn%C3%A9es_cylindriques" title="Coordonnées cylindriques">coordonnées cylindriques</a> par des conditions simples <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}'}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}'}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bdddb9dd6686547ae9ee0c91b3c27220a0e1405c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.603ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}'}" loading="lazy"></span>, le calcul peut s'exprimer par :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=\iiint _{{\mathcal {A}}'}r\,\mathrm {d} r\,\mathrm {d} \theta \,dz}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mo>∭<!-- ∭ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>r</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=\iiint _{{\mathcal {A}}'}r\,\mathrm {d} r\,\mathrm {d} \theta \,dz}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c4d1dd49c3d8db85e0716f67bb2547217decf338.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:20.33ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=\iiint _{{\mathcal {A}}'}r\,\mathrm {d} r\,\mathrm {d} \theta \,dz}" loading="lazy"></span> où <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}'}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}'}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bdddb9dd6686547ae9ee0c91b3c27220a0e1405c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.603ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}'}" loading="lazy"></span> est une partie bornée de <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} _{+}\times [0,2\pi ]\times \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>+</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} _{+}\times [0,2\pi ]\times \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d13f24eac6d98e8c5e8a89d3965c20202192560b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.532ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} _{+}\times [0,2\pi ]\times \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Si le domaine <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/280ae03440942ab348c2ca9b8db6b56ffa9618f8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.903ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span> s'exprime mieux en <a href="Coordonn%C3%A9es_sph%C3%A9riques" title="Coordonnées sphériques">coordonnées sphériques</a> par des conditions simples <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}''}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}''}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/835ad27384dee235821ce3eb5a9df15f3f86b90c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.055ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}''}" loading="lazy"></span>, le calcul peut s'exprimer par :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=\iiint _{{\mathcal {A}}''}r^{2}\sin(\phi )\,\mathrm {d} r\,\mathrm {d} \theta \,\mathrm {d} \phi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mo>∭<!-- ∭ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>r</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
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<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=\iiint _{{\mathcal {A}}''}r^{2}\sin(\phi )\,\mathrm {d} r\,\mathrm {d} \theta \,\mathrm {d} \phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6957a75d4ab66711367a8f3ce0c0066e42c48505.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:28.563ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=\iiint _{{\mathcal {A}}''}r^{2}\sin(\phi )\,\mathrm {d} r\,\mathrm {d} \theta \,\mathrm {d} \phi }" loading="lazy"></span> où <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}''}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}''}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/835ad27384dee235821ce3eb5a9df15f3f86b90c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.055ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}''}" loading="lazy"></span> est une partie bornée de <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} _{+}\times [0,2\pi ]\times [0,\pi ]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>+</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} _{+}\times [0,2\pi ]\times [0,\pi ]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2c0a5c85f8b7b75ead47eba32f384af500f3cdc7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.676ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} _{+}\times [0,2\pi ]\times [0,\pi ]}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Dans le cas où le domaine <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/280ae03440942ab348c2ca9b8db6b56ffa9618f8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.903ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span> est un solide de révolution dont la frontière est engendrée par la rotation d'une courbe d'équation <span class="texhtml"><i>y</i> = 'f<i>(</i>x<i>)</i></span><i> autour de l'axe <span class="texhtml">(</span></i>Ox<i>), le calcul du volume se réduit à une intégrale simple :</i>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=\pi \int _{x_{1}}^{x_{2}}f^{2}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=\pi \int _{x_{1}}^{x_{2}}f^{2}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/824702a0386a1e1af646092298f93e96cef4d053.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:19.983ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=\pi \int _{x_{1}}^{x_{2}}f^{2}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Enfin, le <a href="Th%C3%A9or%C3%A8me_de_la_divergence" title="Théorème de la divergence">théorème de flux-divergence</a> permet de réduire le calcul de volume à une <a href="Int%C3%A9grale_de_surface" title="Intégrale de surface">intégrale de surface</a> :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V=\iiint _{A}\mathrm {d} V={\frac {1}{3}}\iint _{\partial {\mathcal {A}}}(x,y,z){\vec {n}}\,\mathrm {d} S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mo>∭<!-- ∭ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>A</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mo>∬<!-- ∬ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V=\iiint _{A}\mathrm {d} V={\frac {1}{3}}\iint _{\partial {\mathcal {A}}}(x,y,z){\vec {n}}\,\mathrm {d} S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c59387b1f2a0aef50e21079c910bb4ba8ee58186.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:36.053ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V=\iiint _{A}\mathrm {d} V={\frac {1}{3}}\iint _{\partial {\mathcal {A}}}(x,y,z){\vec {n}}\,\mathrm {d} S}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>où <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial {\mathcal {A}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial {\mathcal {A}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a9d0dd582162dcbed4967cf44733cd119fcd15df.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.221ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial {\mathcal {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span> est la frontière de <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/280ae03440942ab348c2ca9b8db6b56ffa9618f8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.903ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, et <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {n}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {n}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/49569db585c1b6306d5ffd91161775f67235fae0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {n}}}" loading="lazy"></span> le <a href="Vecteur_unitaire" title="Vecteur unitaire">vecteur unitaire</a> normal à <span class="texhtml">d<i>S</i></span> dirigé vers l'extérieur de <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">A</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/280ae03440942ab348c2ca9b8db6b56ffa9618f8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.903ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2></div>
<div class="references-small lower-alpha" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references" data-mw-group="alpha">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Par exemple, un volume de l'<a href="Espace_des_phases" title="Espace des phases">espace des phases</a> d'une <a href="Particule_(physique)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Particule (physique)">particule</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{x,y,z,v_{x},v_{y},v_{z}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{x,y,z,v_{x},v_{y},v_{z}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/22e72e043cc24e0d18a50d753ea41497828ada70.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.674ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{x,y,z,v_{x},v_{y},v_{z}\}}" loading="lazy"></span> s'exprime en <abbr class="abbr" title="kilogramme cube mètre puissance 6 par seconde cube">kg<sup>3</sup> m<sup>6</sup> s<sup>−3</sup></abbr> (ou <abbr class="abbr" title="joule cube seconde cube">J<sup>3</sup> s<sup>3</sup></abbr>).</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2></div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="M%C3%A9thode_des_indivisibles" title="Méthode des indivisibles">Méthode des indivisibles</a></li>
<li><a href="Cubage_du_bois" title="Cubage du bois">Cubage du bois</a></li>
<li><a href="Tonneau_(formules)" title="Tonneau (formules)">Tonneau (formules)</a></li>
<li><a href="Volume_massique" title="Volume massique">Volume massique</a></li>
<li><a href="Goutte_(volume)" title="Goutte (volume)">Goutte (volume)</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3></div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li>
<li class="mw-empty-elt"></li>
<li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes</span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/volume"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//rumfang/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/volume_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/volume"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> </ul></div></li>
<li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l'information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85144330">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4136953-1">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007546191305171">Israël</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul>
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